[新英文文法] 藍本第二章

藍本第二章句子
[Attendeance: Ketty/ Rita/ Mia/ Andy/ Michael/ 兩位同學一男一女]


2-1 基本句型

五大類動詞
及物動詞 vt (Verb transitive)： 需加受詞 eg. I love you
不及物動詞 vi (Verb intransitive)： 不須加受詞 eg. Fishes swim 有時加介系詞
完全動詞：動詞意思完整不需要補語
不完全動詞：動詞意思不完整需要加補語補充主詞或是受詞(主詞補語/ 受詞補語)
授與動詞 (vt的一種) 需要有兩個受詞


主詞 + 完全及物動詞 + 受詞 (S + V + O)
Someone opens the door

主詞 + 完全不及物動詞 (S + V)
The door opened

主詞 + 授與動詞 + 間接受詞 + 直接受詞 (S + V + IO + DO)
IO (Indirect object) 說明動作的非直接，但受動作影響的對象，多指人
DO (Direct object)  直接受詞指動作的直接對象，多指事物
My mother made me a dress
She gave me a signal
先有物才有人 物 = DO 人 = IO

主詞 + 不完全不及物動詞 + 主詞補語 (S + V + SC)
主詞補語可以是adj/n/ving/to v/ p.p./ n子句/ n片語
The flower is beautiful (a)
Mr Lee is a singer (n)
One of my job is teaching English (ving)
My dream is to study aboard (to v)
It is a boring class that everybody fell asleep (Ving/ p.p.)
The fact is that he didn't go to school (n子句)
Our mission is how to make him a cake (n片語)

主詞 + 不完全及物動詞 + 受詞 + 受詞補語 (S + V + O + OC)
受詞補語可以是adj/n/ving/p.p.
Fine weather makes me happy (a)
They consider John a hero (n)
We saw John swimming in the pool (ving)
We can see mountains covered with white snow in winter (p.p.)
使用的動詞為使役動詞

2-2 練習

直述句
疑問句有yes no回答
祈使句(祈使句主詞通常省略)
選擇性疑問句
感嘆句

2-3 練習

1. A
疑問句 What/ Who/ Where/ When/ How 後面要接助動詞 (Do/ Does/ Did/ Can/ Could/ Should/ Will/ Would/ Must ) 用來幫助動詞表達動作的時間或時態 + V
Eat ate eaten
It means happy
What does this word mean?

2. C
Have you been你持續做的事情
過去分詞P.P. (Past passive)
現在完成式 Have/has + P.P.
被動式 BeV + P.P.
現在完成被動 Have/has been + P.P.
eg. The window is opened by her 窗戶是由他來開的(習慣)
eg. The window was opened by her 窗戶是她開的 (過去發生的)

3. A
Have invented 已經發明
Had invented 過去已經發明現在沒有

4. D
Will already start
Will be starting
未來完成式 will have started

5. B
寶寶被吵醒
Be V (Is/ Are/ Was/ Were) + P.P. 被動式

6. D
剪頭髮給別人檢
Have a hair cut
Did you cut your hair by yourself 聽起來較自然

7. B
針對現在事件的假設語氣(與現在事實相反)
If ... (V.pt Was/Were) ... , ... might/ should/ would be/ would not be + V
eg. If I had money, I would take this expensive one 
針對過去事件的假設 (與過去事實相反)
If ... had + P.P. ... , ... would have + P.P.
eg. If I had been with them, the children wouldn't have been injured

8. D
Said goodbye to him and left
對等子句

eg. Made me a dress/ Said him goodbye/ Told him goodbye

9. A
The novels = thing
主要子句 + 名詞子句 (用Which/ What/ That接續)

10. B
主要子句 + 形容詞子句
只有which 才能加逗號 (,which)

總復習

1. B
Senator 參議員
當While/ Which 沒有形容前句

2. C
Starts時間

3. A
Buy things he needs
Things = What 才能成為子句
Buy thing that he needs/ Buy thing, which he needs

4. C
集合體 Which help

5. B
Saddam 薩達海珊伊拉克總理
Shia 什葉派 伊斯蘭第二大教派
Severely 嚴格的
Suppressed 被意志壓抑的
解釋 So that 以致於

6. C
No sooner than 沒有比快
As long as 只要

7. C
The one, upon 在...之上
Whose 人 用作疑問代名詞(誰的)

8. A
Who的受格 (有動作發生)
You are the only person whom she trust
Who 只有用在代名詞
Mary is the only person who speaks Chinese

9. A
像是

10. C
當你感到改變心意為時已晚時你有疑問嗎
是否
Why就可以 
Will it be


中翻英
1.
To see is to believe
Seeing is believing

2.
I sent her a bunch of flowers

3.
I took care of my younger sister last night

4.
I am a student and he is a teacher

5.
I came across my teacher on my way home yesterday
Came across = ran across = happened to see


補充：
(動詞)使...感到
Ved 過去分詞有被動含義
Ving現在分詞有主動含義

Be interested in 對...感到興趣
Be interesting to 人 對人來說感到有興趣
Be bored with
Be excited about
Be surprised at
Be tired of